Ingredients: Exchanges and Substitution
A compilation of Ingredient Exchanges and Substitution from and by
| Ingredient | Amount | Substitution |
| Allspice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, and 1/4 teaspoon cloves |
| Apple pie spice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg and 1/8 teaspoon cardamom |
| Arrowroot starch | 1 teaspoon | 1 tablespoon flour, Or 1 teaspoon cornstarch |
| Baking mix | 1 cup | 1 cup pancake mix Or 1 cup Easy Biscuit Mixture |
| Baking powder | 1 teaspoon | 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar Or 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup) |
| Beer | 1 cup | 1 cup nonalcoholic beer Or 1 cup chicken broth |
| Brandy | 1/4 cup | 1 teaspoon imitation brandy extract plus enough water to make 1/4 cup |
| Bread crumbs | 1 cup | 1 cup cracker crumbs Or 1 cup matzo meal Or 1 cup ground oats |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 cup yogurt Or 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| Chervil, chopped | 1 tablespoon fresh | 1 tablespoon chopped fresh parsley |
| Chili sauce | 1 cup | 1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tablespoons vinegar, 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon, dash of ground cloves and dash of allspice |
| Chives, chopped | 2 teaspoons | 2 teaspoons chopped green onion tops |
| Cocoa | 1/4 cup | 1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Condensed cream of mushroom soup | 1 (10.75-ounce) can | 1 (10.75-ounce) can condensed cream of celery, cream of chicken, Or golden mushroom soup |
| Cornstarch | 1 tablespoon | 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour, (for thickening) 4 to 6 teaspoons quick-cooking tapioca |
| Corn syrup | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water Or 1 cup honey Or 1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Cracker crumbs | 1 cup | 1 cup bread crumbs Or 1 cup matzo meal Or 1 cup ground oats |
| Cream of tartar | 1 teaspoon | 1 1/2 teaspoons lemon juice or vinegar |
| Egg | 1 whole | 2 1/2 tablespoons of powdered egg substitute plus 2 1/2 tablespoons water Or 1/4 cup liquid egg substitute Or 1/4 cup silken tofu pureed Or 3 tablespoons mayonnaise Or half a banana mashed with 1/2 teaspoon baking powder Or 1 tablespoon powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tablespoons water |
| Garlic | 1 clove | 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder Or 1/2 teaspoon granulated garlic Or 1/2 teaspoon garlic salt--reduce salt in recipe |
| Gelatin granulated | 1 tablespoon | 2 teaspoons agar agar |
| Green onion | 1/2 cup , chopped | 1/2 cup chopped onion, Or 1/2 cup chopped leek Or 1/2 cup chopped shallots |
| Herbs, chopped | 1 tablespoon, fresh | 1 teaspoon (chopped or whole leaf) dried herbs |
| Honey | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water Or 1 cup corn syrup Or 1 cup light treacle |
| Horseradish | 1 tablespoon fresh | 2 tablespoons bottled |
| Hot pepper sauce | 1 teaspoon | 3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper plus 1 teaspoon vinegar |
| Ketchup | 1 cup | 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1 teaspoon vinegar plus 1 tablespoon sugar |
| Lard | 1 cup | 1 cup shortening Or 7/8 cup vegetable oil Or 1 cup butter |
| Mace | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon nutmeg |
| Margarine | 1 cup | 1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt Or 1 cup butter Or 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt Or 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Marshmallows | 1 cup miniature | 10 large |
| Mayonnaise | 1 cup | 1 cup sour cream Or 1 cup plain yogurt Or 1 cup salad dressing Or 1/2 cup yogurt with a 1/2 cup with either mayonnaise or salad dressing Or 1 cup cottage cheese pureed in a blender |
| Mint, fresh | 1/4 cup chopped | 1 tablespoon dried mint leaves |
| Molasses | 1 cup | Mix 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Onion | 1 cup, chopped | 1 cup chopped green onions Or 1 cup chopped shallots Or 1 cup chopped leeks Or 1/4 cup dried minced onion Or 1/4 cup onion powder |
| Parsley, chopped | 1 tablespoon fresh | 1 tablespoon chopped fresh chervil Or 1 teaspoon dried parsley |
| Red Bell Peppers | 1 tablespoon fresh | 2 tablespoons pimiento, chopped |
| Pimiento | 2 tablespoons | 1 tablespoon dried red bell chopped peppers and rehydrated Or 3 tablespoons fresh red bell pepper, chopped |
| Pumpkin pie spice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/8 teaspoon allspice and 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg |
| Raisin | 1 cup | 1 cup dried currants Or 1 cup dried cranberries Or 1 cup chopped pitted prunes |
| Rice, white | 1 cup, cooked | 1 cup cooked barley Or 1 cup cooked bulgur Or 1 cup cooked brown or wild rice |
| Rum | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 teaspoon rum extract, plus enough water to make 1 tablespoon |
| Saffron | 1/4 teaspoon | 1/4 teaspoon turmeric |
| Salami | 1 ounce | 1 ounce pepperoni |
| Salt | 1 tablespoon | 1 tablespoon salt sense table salt (33% less sodium) or sea salt |
| Shallots, chopped | 1/2 cup | 1/2 cup chopped onion, Or 1/2 cup chopped leek Or 1/2 cup chopped green onion |
| Sour cream | 1 cup | 1 cup plain yogurt Or 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 cup Or 3/4 cup buttermilk mixed with 1/3 cup butter |
| Soy sauce | 1/2 cup | 4 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce mixed with 1 tablespoon water Or 4 tablespoon bottled steak sauce mixed with 1 tablespoon water |
| Vanilla extract | 1 teaspoon | 1 inch vanilla been split and simmered in liquid of the recipe |
| Vinegar | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice Or 2 teaspoons white wine |
| Wine | 1 cup | 1 cup chicken or beef broth Or 1 cup fruit juice mixed with 2 teaspoons vinegar Or 13 tablespoons of water with 3 tablespoons of lemon juice and 1 tablespoon of sugar Or 1 cup water |
| Worcestershire | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon bottled steak sauce |
| Yeast-active dry | 1 (.25 oz) package | 1 cake compressed yeast Or 2 1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast Or 2 1/2 teaspoons rapid rise yeast |
| Yogurt | 1 cup | 1 cup sour cream Or 1 cup buttermilk Or 1 cup sour milk Or 1 cup cottage cheese blended until smooth |
| Beef or Chicken: | ||
| -broth | 1 cup | 1 bouillon cube plus 1 cup boiling water Or 1 tablespoon soy sauce plus enough water to make 1 cup Or 1 cup vegetable broth |
| -stock | 1 cup | 1 cube beef or chicken bouillon dissolved in 1 cup water Or 1 heaping teaspoon of granular beef or chicken granular dissolved in 1 cup of water |
| -base | 1 tablespoon | 1 cup canned or homemade beef or chicken broth or stock. Reduce liquid in recipe by 1 cup |
| Butter: | ||
| -salted | 1 cup | 1 cup margarine Or 1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt Or 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt Or 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| -unsalted | 1 cup | 1 cup shortening Or 7/8 cup vegetable oil Or 7/8 cup lard |
| Cheeses: | ||
| -Cheddar | 1 cup shredded | 1 cup shredded Colby cheddar Or 1 cup shredded Monterey Jack cheese |
| -Cottage cheese | 1 cup | 1 cup farmer's cheese Or 1 cup ricotta cheese |
| -Cream cheese | 1 cup | 1 cup pureed cottage cheese Or 1 cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| -Farmer's cheese | 8 ounces | 8 ounces creamed cottage cheese, drained Or 8 ounces dry cottage cheese |
| -Mozzarella | 1cup grated | 1 cup of mild Provolone Or 1 cup Monterey Jack Cheese Or 1 cup Munster Cheese |
| -Parmesan cheese | 1/2 cup, grated | 1/2 cup grated Asiago cheese Or 1/2 cup grated Romano cheese |
| -Ricotta | 1 cup | 1 cup dry cottage cheese Or 1 cup silken tofu |
| -Romano | 1 tablespoon | 1 tablespoon Locatelli or Parmesan grated cheese |
| Chocolate: | ||
| -semisweet | 1 ounce | 1 (1-ounce) square of unsweetened chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar Or 1 ounce semisweet chocolate chips plus 1 teaspoon shortening |
| -chocolate chips | 1 cup | 1 cup chocolate candies Or 1 cup peanut butter or other flavored chips Or 1 cup chopped nuts Or 1 cup chopped dried fruit |
| -unsweetened | 1 ounce | 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon shortening or vegetable oil |
| -Cocoa | 1/4 cup | 1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Coconut: | ||
| -Cream | 1 cup | 1 cup cream |
| -Milk | 1 cup | 1 cup milk |
| Cream: | ||
| -half and half | 1 cup | 7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon butter |
| -heavy | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk Or 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter |
| -light | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk Or 3/4 cup milk plus 3 tablespoons butter |
| -whipped | 1 cup | 1 cup frozen whipped topping, thawed |
| Extracts: | ||
| -mint | 1/4 teaspoon | 2 drops oil of similar flavor (oils extract-- won't evaporate at high temperatures) |
| -mint | 1 teaspoon | 1/4 teaspoon oil of similar flavor |
| -Spearmint | 1 tablespoon | 1/4 cup fresh mint, chopped |
| Flour: | ||
| -Bread | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten (available at health food stores & some supermarkets) |
| -Cake | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons |
| -Pastry | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour |
| -Self-Rising | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon of salt |
| -for thickening | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 tablespoon cornstarch, potato starch, rice starch or arrowroot starch Or 1 tablespoon granular tapioca Or 2 to 3 teaspoons quick-cooking tapioca Or 1 tablespoon waxy rice flour Or 2 tablespoons browned flour Or 1 1/2 tablespoons whole wheat flour Or 1/2 tablespoon whole wheat flour plus Or 1/2 tablespoon all-purpose flour |
| -whole wheat | 1 cup | 1 cup white wheat flour Or 1 cup graham flour |
| Flavor-based oil: | ||
| -any flavor | 1/4 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon extract of same flavor |
| -peppermint oil | 2 drops | 1/4 teaspoon extract of same flavor |
| Ginger: | ||
| -dry | 1 teaspoon | 2 teaspoons chopped fresh ginger |
| -fresh | 1 teaspoon, minced | 1/2 teaspoon ground dried ginger |
| Lemon | ||
| -grass | 2 fresh stalks | 1 tablespoon lemon zest |
| -juice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon vinegar Or 1 teaspoon white wine Or 1 teaspoon lime juice |
| -zest | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon lemon extract Or 2 tablespoons lemon juice |
| Lime | ||
| -juice | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon vinegar Or 1 teaspoon white wine Or 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| -zest | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon lemon zest |
| Milk: | ||
| -whole | 1 cup | 1 cup soy milk Or 1 cup rice milk Or 1 cup water or juice Or 1/4 cup dry milk powder plus 1 cup water Or 2/3 cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water |
| -skim | 1 cup | 4 to 5 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder and enough water to make one cup, or follow manufacturer's directions |
| -skim | 1/4 cup | 4 teaspoons nonfat dry milk powder plus water to make 1/4 cup, or follow manufacturer's directions |
| -skim | 1/3 cup | 2 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder plus water to make 1/3 cup, or follow manufacturer's directions |
| -buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 cup yogurt Or 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| -Sweetened condensed | 1 (14 oz) can | 3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 1/8 cups dry powdered milk: Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 20 minutes |
| -Evaporated milk | 1 cup | 1 cup light cream |
| -Sour milk | 1 cup | 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice mixed with enough milk to make 1 cup: Let stand 5 minutes to thicken |
| Mustard: | ||
| -prepared | 1 tablespoon | Mix together 1 tablespoon dried mustard, 1 teaspoon water, 1 teaspoon vinegar and 1 teaspoon sugar |
| -dry | 1 teaspoon | 1 tablespoon prepared Or 1/2 teaspoon dry mustard seeds |
| Nuts: | ||
| -Hazelnuts | 1 cup whole | 1 cup macadamia nuts Or 1 cup almonds |
| -Macadamia nuts | 1 cup | 1 cup almonds Or 1 cup hazelnuts |
| Orange | ||
| -juice | 1 tablespoon | 1 tablespoon other citrus juice |
| -zest | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 teaspoon orange extract Or 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Shortening: | ||
| -used in baking | 1 cup | 1 cup butter Or 1 cup margarine minus 1/2 teaspoon salt from recipe , Or 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons lard |
| -melted | 1 cup | 1 cup cooking oil (cooking oil should not be substituted if recipe does not call for melted shortening) |
| Sugar: | ||
| -White sugar | 1 cup | 1 cup Splendor Or 1 cup brown sugar Or 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar Or 3/4 cup honey Or 3/4 cup corn syrup Or Sweetners |
| -Brown | 1 cup, packed | 1 cup of Splendor Brown sugar Or 1 cup white sugar Or 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar Or 1 cup white sugar plus 1/4 cup molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup |
| Sweeteners: | ||
| -Splendor, Sugar Twin or Sprinkle Sweet | 1 teaspoon | 1 teaspoon sugar |
| -Equal | 1 packet | 2 teaspoons sugar |
| -Sweet 10 | 10 drops | 1 teaspoons sugar |
| -Sweet 10 | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 cup sugar |
| Tapioca: | ||
| -tapioca | 1 tablespoon | 2 tablespoons pearl tapioca |
| -granular | 2 teaspoons | 1 tablespoon flour |
| Tomato: | ||
| -juice | 1 cup | 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water |
| -fresh | 2 cups, chopped | 16 oz can |
| -sauce | 15 oz can | 6 oz can tomato paste plus 1 cup water |
| -chopped | 16 oz can | 3 fresh medium tomatoes chopped with juices Or 16 oz can stewed tomatoes |
| -soup | 10 3/4 oz can | 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup water |
| Vegetable Oil: | ||
| -for baking | 1 cup | 1 cup applesauce Or 1 cup fruit puree |
| -for frying | 1 cup | 1 cup lard Or 1 cup vegetable shortening |